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School Construction in Rural Uganda

Supporting safer, less overcrowded learning environments for children in underserved rural communities.

01

The classroom challenge

Children in rural Uganda often study in overcrowded and inadequate classrooms. On average, around 79 students share a single classroom, with some schools operating at up to 305% of their intended capacity, while each teacher is responsible for approximately 48 students.

This problem is particularly severe in northern and eastern Uganda, especially in West Nile and refugee-hosting districts, where an average of 134 pupils may share a single classroom. Such overcrowded conditions make it difficult to provide a safe and effective learning environment, reducing the quality of education children receive and limiting the individual support teachers can provide.

To help address this challenge, the Nile Humanitarian Development Agency has supported the construction of 32 schools in rural Uganda, creating safer and more suitable learning environments for children in underserved communities. However, further support is needed to expand access to adequate classrooms and educational facilities.

02The scale of overcrowding

West Nile faces the greatest classroom pressure.

Government primary schools in West Nile average 134 pupils per classroom—55 more than the national government-school average.

Highest regional averageOther regional averagesNational average
Average pupils per classroom in government primary schools, 2025
  1. West Nile134
  2. Bukedi112
  3. Bugisu111
  4. Lango109
  5. Karamoja105
  6. Busoga98
  7. National average79

Source: Uganda Ministry of Education data, 2025. The vertical marker represents the national average of 79 pupils per classroom.